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Statistical process control (SPC) is a powerful framework that is used in many industries to decrease process variability and to pinpoint special cause variation. Although a broad range of techniques have been developed to do so, ...
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Statistical process control (SPC) is a powerful framework that is used in many industries to decrease process variability and to pinpoint special cause variation. Although a broad range of techniques have been developed to do so, often the real-life situation does not fully comply with the basic assumptions that are made in SPC resulting in poor results. One of the main violations against the assumptions is the fact that industrial processes rarely behave in a stationary manner — this is evidently the case for biological processes but is also an important issue when monitoring industrial processes. Besides, the ever increasing amount of data, with a clear shift towards multivariate and even multiway quality control, makes the classical univariate approach not feasible anymore. These two observations pose important challenges to statisticians to develop novel SPC algorithms that are broadly applicable in modern industries. In this contribution we discuss both issues and use two very different case studies to show the reader recent directions and developments in the SPC landscape. Copyright ? 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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摘要 :
Statistical process control (SPC) is a powerful framework that is used in many industries to decrease process variability and to pinpoint special cause variation. Although a broad range of techniques have been developed to do so, ...
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Statistical process control (SPC) is a powerful framework that is used in many industries to decrease process variability and to pinpoint special cause variation. Although a broad range of techniques have been developed to do so, often the real-life situation does not fully comply with the basic assumptions that are made in SPC resulting in poor results. One of the main violations against the assumptions is the fact that industrial processes rarely behave in a stationary manner - this is evidently the case for biological processes but is also an important issue when monitoring industrial processes. Besides, the ever increasing amount of data, with a clear shift towards multivariate and even multiway quality control, makes the classical univariate approach not feasible anymore. These two observations pose important challenges to statisticians to develop novel SPC algorithms that are broadly applicable in modern industries. In this contribution we discuss both issues and use two very different case studies to show the reader recent directions and developments in the SPC landscape.
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In this article, the results of investigation of structural interactions, generated by simultaneous impact of electric and magnetic fields on fluids containing a two-component dispersed phase, are presented. Dielectric, magnetic, ...
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In this article, the results of investigation of structural interactions, generated by simultaneous impact of electric and magnetic fields on fluids containing a two-component dispersed phase, are presented. Dielectric, magnetic, and rheologi-cal characteristics of these fluids are considered. The characteristic features of the formed structures depending on the filler type, deformation conditions, and intensity of application of external fields are discussed.
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Glyphosate is used frequently in agriculture, and sourgrass (Digitaria insularis (L.) Mez ex Ekman) has become one of the most problematic weeds in Brazil because of its resistance to this herbicide. One of the alternatives for so...
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Glyphosate is used frequently in agriculture, and sourgrass (Digitaria insularis (L.) Mez ex Ekman) has become one of the most problematic weeds in Brazil because of its resistance to this herbicide. One of the alternatives for sourgrass control is the use of graminicide alone or in mixture with glyphosate. Thus, this experiment was aimed at evaluating on the efficacy of glyphosate, clethodim, and the interaction glyphosate + clethodim, in glyphosate-resistant and susceptible biotypes of sourgrass. A completely randomized greenhouse experiment with four replications was repeated twice. The herbicide applications were performed at the initial stage (15 cm, BBCH 23). At 21 days after application (DAA), the herbicide visual control of weed and the weed dry matter was weighed. For the mixture of herbicides, the interaction between the herbicides was also verified as synergistic, antagonistic or additive. In general, the clethodim sprayed alone and the mixture controlled the resistant and susceptible biotypes at the initial stage. In the visual control, the interaction between glyphosate and clethodim showed synergistic effect at low and intermediate doses and an additive effect at the highest doses. For dry matter, the mixture had a synergistic interaction at all doses evaluated.
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Sensors play a crucial role in the future of dairy farming. Modern dairy farms today are equipped with many different sensors for milk yield, body weight, activity, and even milk composition. The challenge, however, is to translat...
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Sensors play a crucial role in the future of dairy farming. Modern dairy farms today are equipped with many different sensors for milk yield, body weight, activity, and even milk composition. The challenge, however, is to translate signals from these sensors into relevant information for the farmer. Because the measured values for an individual cow show nonstationary behavior, the concepts of statistical process control, which are commonly used in industry, cannot be used directly. The synergistic control concept overcomes this problem by on-line (real-time) modeling of the process and application of statistical process control to the residuals between the measured and modeled values. In this study, the synergistic control concept was developed and tested for early detection of anomalies in dairy cows based on detection of shifts in milk yield. Compared with the combination of visual observation and milk conductivity measurements, the developed strategy had a sensitivity of 63% for detecting clinical mastitis. Consequently, this technique could have added value on many farms, as it extracts practical information out of inexpensive data that are already available. As it can be easily extended to other measured parameters, the technique shows potential for early detection of other nutrition and health problems.
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In this paper, we design a hybrid controller that globally exponentially stabilizes a system evolving on the n-dimensional sphere, denoted by S-n. This hybrid controller is induced by a "synergistic" collection of potential functi...
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In this paper, we design a hybrid controller that globally exponentially stabilizes a system evolving on the n-dimensional sphere, denoted by S-n. This hybrid controller is induced by a "synergistic" collection of potential functions on S-n. We propose a particular construction of this class of functions that generates flows along geodesics of the sphere, providing convergence to the desired reference with minimal path length. We show that the proposed strategy is suitable to the exponential stabilization of a quadrotor vehicle. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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This study investigated the toxicity of various concentrations of technical resmethrin and Scourge~® on adult and larval Palaemonetes pugio, a common grass shrimp species. Two types of tests were conducted for each of the resmethr...
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This study investigated the toxicity of various concentrations of technical resmethrin and Scourge~® on adult and larval Palaemonetes pugio, a common grass shrimp species. Two types of tests were conducted for each of the resmethrin formulations using adult and larval grass shrimp life stages, a 96-h static renewal aqueous test without sediment, and a 24-h static nonrenewal aqueous test with sediment. For resmethrin, the 96-h aqueous LC_(50) value for adult shrimp was 0.53 μg/L (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46-0.60 μg/L), and for larval shrimp was 0.35 μg/L (95% CI: 0.28-0.42 μg/L). In the presence of sediment, technical resmethrin produced a 24-h LC_(50) value for adult shrimp of 5.44 μg/L (95% CI: 4.52-6.55 μg/L), and for larval shrimp of 2.15 μg/L (95% CI: 1.35-3.43 μg/L). For Scourge~®, the 96-h aqueous LC_(50) for adult shrimp was 2.08 μg/L (95% CI: 1.70-2.54 μg/L), and for larval shrimp was 0.36 μg/L (95% CI: 0.24-0.55 μg/L). The 24-h sediment test yielded an LC_(50) value of 16.12 μg/L (95% CI: 14.79-17.57 μg/L) for adult shrimp, and 14.16 μg/L (95% CI: 12.21-16.43 μg/L) for larvae. Adjusted LC_(50) values to reflect the 18% resmethrin concentration in Scourge~® are 0.37 μg/L (adult), 0.07 μg/L (larvae) for the 96-h aqueous test, and 2.90 μg/L (adult), 2.6 μg/L (larvae) for the 24-h sediment test. Larval grass shrimp were more sensitive to technical resmethrin and Scourge~® than the adult life stage. The results also demonstrate that synergized resmethrin is more toxic to P. pugio than the nonsynergized form, and that the presence of sediment decreases the toxicity of both resmethrin and Scourge~®.
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How to minimize the emission of air pollutants while making decisions about mitigating climate change has become a hot research topic. Considering the homologous homology of the two types of emissions, it is completely feasible to...
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How to minimize the emission of air pollutants while making decisions about mitigating climate change has become a hot research topic. Considering the homologous homology of the two types of emissions, it is completely feasible to achieve synergistic control for different pollutants through a rational allocation of technology investment. To attain this goal, in this paper, I propose a pollutant synergistic control model. Carbon and sulfur emissions are chose as the major control object. Under a weak condition, I obtained analytical expressions for two types of cleaner technology investment paths, technology capital accumulation paths, and emission reduction paths. Further, characteristics of the respective paths, and the conditions for meeting the corresponding theoretical inflection points or peaks, were analyzed, which lays a foundation for applications of the theory. In particular, this study draws the necessary and sufficient conditions for an internal solution to the choice of cleaner technology, which is a powerful and practical evaluation index. The theoretical predictions were verified with numerical simulation. The investment of the two types of cleaner technologies peaked during the 10th period, and the capital accumulation peaked during 15th period after a slight delay. The actual measured investment and subsidy feedback gains were around the 0.04 and 0.02 levels. In addition, different combinations of targets for sulfur and carbon reduction also simulated scenarios in which the model had different internal solutions. The relevant theoretical exploration work in this paper has deep implications for policy decisions in the real world. (c) 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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Rainfall samples were collected from three observation sites in Guilin from 2013 to 2017, and the chemical composition characteristics of precipitation and the contribution made by different ion sources were analyzed when atmosphe...
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Rainfall samples were collected from three observation sites in Guilin from 2013 to 2017, and the chemical composition characteristics of precipitation and the contribution made by different ion sources were analyzed when atmospheric pollutants levels were reduced. The results showed that acid gas emissions and atmospheric pollutant concentrations continued to decline during the study period. However, the change in the volume-weighted mean pH at the three sites suggested that acid rain pollution was not alleviated and began to deteriorate after 2015. The continuing downward trend for alkaline neutralizing ions (Ca2+, NH4+) in precipitation indicated that the reduction in alkaline neutralizing substances in the atmosphere was an important factor that led to the deterioration in acid rain across Guilin. The principal component analysis and spearman correlation analysis indicated five sources of ions in precipitation. Quantitative assessment of these five sources indicated that fossil fuel combustion contributed the most ions concentration in precipitation at the three sites, followed by agriculture, terrestrial (crustal) sources, marine sources, and biomass burning. Long-distance airflow might affect the acidity, the electrical conductivity (EC), and ion concentrations in precipitation across Guilin. The airflow trajectory from the west and southeast directions corresponded to higher acidity and ion concentrations. According to the current air pollution control strategy planned by Guilin, reducing atmospheric coarse particles and NH3 at the same time may potentially lead to further deteriorations in acid rain contents. Therefore, Guilin needs to develop more reasonable pollution prevention measures that synergistically control atmospheric pollutants and acid rain pollution. (C) 2020 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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NaYF4:Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) capped with long-chain carboxylic acid were synthesized and then conjugated with chitosan (CS) in the aid of N-hydroxysuccinimide. The resultant nanocompound was integrated with doxor...
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NaYF4:Yb,Er upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) capped with long-chain carboxylic acid were synthesized and then conjugated with chitosan (CS) in the aid of N-hydroxysuccinimide. The resultant nanocompound was integrated with doxorubicin (DOX) and Roussin's black salt (RBS), a photosensitive nitric oxide (NO) donor to produce stimuli-responsive UCNPs(DOX)@CS-RBS nanospheres as nanocarriers for controllable drug delivery. On the one hand, the encapsulated UCNPs can efficiently absorb NIR photons and convert them into visible photons to trigger NO release. On the other hand, the entrapped DOX can be released at lowered pH from the swollen nanospheres caused by stretched oleoyl-CS chains under acidic conditions. The UCNPs(DOX)@CS-RBS nanospheres exhibit great therapeutic efficacy, which is attributable to the combination of NO and DOX releases based on NO dose-dependent mechanisms. This study highlights the controllable release of NO and DOX from the same nanocarriers and the synergistic therapeutic effect on tumors, which could give new insights into improving cancer nanotherapeutics.
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